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Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are fuzzy-graph structures for representing causal reasoning. Their fuzziness allows hazy degrees of causality between hazy causal objects (concepts). Their graph structure allows systematic causal propagation, in particular forward and backward chaining, and it allows knowledge bases to be grown by connecting different FCMs. FCMs are especially applicable to soft knowledge domains and several example FCMs are given. Causality is represented as a fuzzy relation on causal concepts.
Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) Theory uses a symbolic representation for the description and modeling of the system. It utilizes concepts to illustrate different aspects in the behavior of the system and these concepts interact each other showing the dynamics of the system. A Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) integrates the accumulated experience and knowledge on the operation of the system, as a result of the method by which it is constructed, i.e., using human experts that know the operation of system and its behavior in different circumstances.